"5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan (INN), is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin from tryptophan." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Hydroxytryptophan)
"Preliminary studies indicate that 5-HTP may work as well as certain antidepressant drugs to treat people with mild-to-moderate depression. Like the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which includes fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft), 5-HTP increases the levels of serotonin in the brain. One study compared the effects of 5-HTP to fluvoxamine (Luvox) in 63 people and found that those who were given 5-HTP did just as well as those who received Luvox. They also had fewer side effects than the Luvox group. However, these studies were too small to say for sure if 5-HTP works. More research is needed." (https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/5hydroxytry...)
etc, etc, burden of proof to you...
https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=5-Hydroxytryptophan&hl=e...
You've done more research than me though. I'll defer to your judgment here.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415362/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392137
In my opinion, the "alternative medicine" label shouldn't be thrown around recklessly at substances that clearly have psychoactive properties and strong theoretical or proven mechanisms of action. They may be insufficiently researched regarding their potential treatment of specific conditions, but you shouldn't throw them in the same boat as homeopathy or acupuncture or reiki.
I think 5-HTP probably isn't a suitable supplement to treat depression in the long term (risk of downregulation and cardiac issues), but it's definitely one form of treatment for many people.
They fall outside the jurisdiction of the FDA (whether they should or not is debatable), but I wouldn't write any of these items off just because they are marketed as supplements.
I think the best we can say is that we don't know enough about them and their effects. Look at how often the "eat X, it's good for you"/"don't eat X, it's bad for you"/"X has no significant effect" articles we see... often where X is the same thing in different categories.
I purchased this bottle of 5-HTP at a pharmacy in the health supplements aisle next to vitamins and other products such as melatonin. At this pharmacy chain, this aisle is as important big and prominent as any regular medecine aisle. If you ask for over the counter medecine, there are chances the pharmacist will refer you to this very aisle (melatonin for sleep, etc.)
The problem is lots of the core science behind brain chemistry is sort of bogus, non reproducible stuff. And a lot of it is sponsored by pharma companies who have an extra motivation for getting (and showing) only the "good" results.
I seem to get sleepy from them, (but unable to sleep), + a very buzzy mood - similar to other things that can cause too much serotonin.
Personally, ever since it did have an effect and improved my mood, I can't notice any effects from it.
You probably could have had the same effect from a sugar pill.