On Linux, a little GTK application in C using WebKitGTK would probably work.
On Windows... I don't know. I know from firsthand that embedding the IE engine via the WebBrowser ActiveX control really sucks. I'm going to see if the WebKit WinCairo port is any good these days.
If we must use CHromium, then the Chromium Embedded Framework is worth a look. It's a DLL, so in principle, it can be shared between applications. You'd still need some platform-specific code to create the window containing CEF, though.
Good enough, is good enough. Yes, the web is not as performant as native... the question becomes; is it good enough? The bonus in wrapping Chrome is that I don't have to dive into 3 or more system level API's to get a "little application" up and running.
I wanted easy cross platform compatibility with minimal code, and Electron seemed like a good choice across for apps across Windows, OSX and Linux.