We do not have claws, or teeth that could pierce an elephant, lion, gazelle. It doesn't seem that nature solved anything. Or us, drinking cows milk? Did nature solve the digestion of human to consume milk of another mammal? Was this a thing in past. I do not think so.
Besides, when I said brand new I meant things which have emerged in the last 150 years, especially highly processed foods.
Alas, my ancestors ate stuff they could catch by spending the day hunting and foraging. Very few of them spent their days sitting in front of a computer.
How we store energy also depends on what exercise we get and its timing. Carb back-loading supposedly doesn't have the same insulin response because the energy is used to replace sugar (can't remember exact name, too lazy to look it up, sorry) in muscles instead of storing it as fat.
The OP also links to a study that looked at several factors including microbiome. Genetically identical twins could have different response to the same foods. I'm pretty sure our microbiomes are very different than those of our ancestors, so we probably won't get the same results.
1. As Taleb has often argued, you dont need to fully understand a problem, all the interaction effects etc., in order to understand that nature has already solved it. Eat what your ancestors ate.
2. Could it be that the people who go into food science are basically rejects from more respected disciplines?
3. People seem to widely hold beliefs about diet which are patently illogical. For instance everyone seems to talk about how people put on weight because their metabolism slows down, or because it was slow to start with. This doesn't make sense. Rate of conversion of food into energy has nothing to do with eating more than your activity level required. Could someone explain this to me?