Quoting the text:
(1) Some critics concede that the man in the room doesn't understand Chinese, but hold that nevertheless running the program may create something that understands Chinese. These critics object to the inference from the claim that the man in the room does not understand Chinese to the conclusion that no understanding has been created. There might be understanding by a larger, or different, entity. This is the strategy of The Systems Reply and the Virtual Mind Reply. These replies hold that the output of the room reflects understanding of Chinese, but the understanding is not that of the room's operator.
Really? Try doing that with a native English non-Chinese-speaker, and you'll see why perhaps you should consider doing so :)
Actually the rule book is the entire brain, not only the part understanding Chinese. Decoding the Chinese symbols is kind of the easiest part but after that you have to understand the meaning of the question, find the answer to it in your model of the world and finally spell out the answer in Chinese again.
The focus on the Chinese language is kind of a red herring and obscures the amount of information about and understanding of the world that has to be encoded in the rule book to allow answering arbitrary questions. That the questions are and the answers have to be in Chinese is really not much more than a minor twist, a minor annoyance, the whole setup would not lose much if questions, answers and the rule book were all in the first language of the operator because his ability to understand the questions and think about them is absolutely irrelevant if he blindly follows the rule book.
However, thinking about it for a further ten seconds, I'm not sure the distinction between the two is particularly meaningful.
The answer to that question is, of course, "something conscious put it there", so the Chinese Room isn't itself conscious but is something more akin to the diary of a conscious person.
For a proper explanation of the argument, including replies to some obvious counterarguments, see Book IV ("Mere Reality") of _Rationality: from AI to Zombies_ [1], which may be downloaded free of charge. Specifically, Part R ("Physicalism 201"), in the neighbourhood of essay 224 ("GAZP vs GLUT"), although of course there is a reason that the book is presented with Book IV as the fourth book rather than the first, and Essay 224 as the 224th essay rather than the first.
[1]: https://intelligence.org/rationality-ai-zombies/