Maybe take a look at a college's Computer Science degree requirements and look into topics that interest you:

https://www.cs.washington.edu/students/ugrad/degree_requirem...

Wikipedia is pretty decent in most topics.

Also, I've found that GeeksForGeeks is pretty neat too: http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/

The Wikipedia articles related to computer science seem to be fairly decent, and have references that you can follow up for further reading. For example, here's the article on virtual memory:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory

There are many different styles and paths to learning 'Computer Science'.

But if what you are after is insight into how a computer works I found that I had my 'ah-ha' moment while learning C, Assembly (intel), and writing a compiler. I did have to have a slight basis in computer architecture, but that compiler project I worked on made everything click.

(side note on writing a compiler. Read, Decode, Execute. There are no short cuts around those series of steps).

If you are looking for a book I would recommend the 'Dragon Book'

http://www.amazon.com/Compilers-Principles-Techniques-Tools-...

I found a paper copy of the international version for cheap (like $10 US if I remember) that was amazing.

Hey, maybe you will find something interesting with the "Awesome" list on Github? https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome

The great set of computer science learning resources: http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Programming-Volumes-1-4A-Boxe...

Suitable for lifelong learning.