Perhaps this could be used to suppress subvocalization during reading:

(1) Look at a lot of people reading the same text, divide in to subvocalizing and non-subvocalizing group.

(2) Find difference in neuronal activation patterns.

(3) Let subvocalizer read the text and apply electro shocks if the fMRI shows the typical patterns for a subvocalizer. Perhaps the cortex will self-organize to turn off the subvocalization.

full text: http://sci-hub.io/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.05.001

Given fMRI's nature as a secondary measurement of brain activity, I'd have expected this kind of research to focus on EEG, which, as a direct measurement of brain electrical activity, should have much lower latency. I'd think that latency would be pretty crucial for neurofeedback.

Anecdotal evidence about neurofeedback, especially TAGSync, always made me curious but this stuff seems to expensice to try. I am glad we are progressing at methods and evidence, maybe one day more people will be able to try it.

Please forgive my ignorance but: what does this mean in English? Does it mean you can gain better control over your cognitive functions by realizing what activities activate them or are the results something different entirely?

I am sorta curious about how they measured "cognitive enhancement", just because what changes in what activities could tell us something about how the brain is divided.