You'd need to buy too many cards to find them by number, tho the combination of issuing bank, IBAN, card type, expiry date and [post|zip]code would likely provide enough bits to identify a source.

The shops would combat this by narrowing the information available about a card pre-purchase.

Here is what a record looks like on Rescator (a popular autoshop for credit cards) pre-purchase:

http://i.imgur.com/eeEThdr.png