I'm cobbling together some more data points here. They aren't all for the same year, but are close to recent.
- Veterans Affairs: ~160B [0]
- DHS: ~65B [1]
- "non-military intelligence spending" (I assume including a solid chunk of NSA and CIA): ~55B [2]
- FBI: ~8B [3]
- retirement from Treasury (for service before 1984. The reference is interesting!) ~8B [4]
This tallies up to an additional $296B or 8% (for 25% total).The Project On Government Oversight has a similar table [5] that includes some of my items, some additional items, and excludes some of mine. It reaches a $1 trillion "National Security" budget, which shakes out to about 28% of spending.
Thanks for the linking and push to keep digging! The "Military budget and total US federal spending" section of the article linked in the parent was a good jumping off point for me, as well.
[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Ve... [1]: http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/FY_2016_... [2]: http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/02/02/black-budget-... [3]: http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/jmd/legacy/2013/1... [4]: http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB3005/index1.html [5]: http://www.pogo.org/our-work/straus-military-reform-project/...
EDIT: formatting
For example, iirc, a significant portion of NASA's budget is for military applications - spy satellites and such. Similarly, the DoD budget doesn't consider veteran's benefits owed to former soldiers, which is a large portion of the long-term obligations comprising the national debt. It also leaves out most of the national security complex (DHS, NSA, FBI), military applications in the Department of Energy, and so on.[1]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_...