noahmarc
Either way, between Cleveland, Robins, Few, and Ware there're tons of studies and references:
http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/departments/sia/wsc/index.html
http://www.researchgate.net/researcher/2028337238_Naomi_B_Ro...
http://www.perceptualedge.com/library.php
http://www.amazon.ca/Visual-Thinking-Design-Colin-Ware/dp/01...
Better is subjective though and related to what you're trying to do. A lot of past research was about efficiency of information transfer. There's more recent research looking at memorability. In one report, different graphics could have both goals.
There's a "Useful Junk" paper delving into that topic. There's a link to it in Few's reply: http://www.perceptualedge.com/articles/visual_business_intel...
There's plenty more. Stanford Vis group is a fun place to check from time to time: http://vis.stanford.edu/ Heer specifically has a range of papers and some online slides for a vis course he taught http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~jheer/ (uses Tufte for the course text)
I'm drawing a blank on a few others I find informative...
Unfortunately, I don't have any about fonts but I'm sure there are plenty out there.
If these needs aren't met by current accounting / finance packages, it definitely opens the door for a new competitor.
Definitely different than what I'm used to in D3js, but worst case scenario you would have to loop through each key value pair. Worth testing out.