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Then the JS is either made by them (depending if they know JS) or by a JS specialist.
Then the programmers integrate the HTML in the "code/templates" (CMS, whatever).
We develop in different web technologies and front-end developers don't learn how to code server side code (either they don't want to, don't have time, whatever).
Depending on the templating engine and programming language and final product (CMS, etc), they can or cannot edit or fix their CSS right in the final code.
Sometimes they need the programmers to tell them where the templates that they want to change are, etc. Imagine a big projects with hundreds of different templates made by a programmer, the front-end dev doesn't necessarily know where to change his stuff and if he's going to cause a problem elsewhere.
The difference between Web development and desktop development is the HTTP protocol which is responsible for security issues and other behaviors (sessions, cookies) that you need to understand if you want to build solid applications.
Just the difference between client and server side validation is often not understood by beginners, which is a big problem.
If somebody rely on the framework to do all the job, he's going to have security issues in his applications and other weird behaviors (double submit when refreshing a page, etc.)
You are right! I didn't mean that I would like beginners to code 'Production Code' without any frameworks and do all their stuff themselves.
Especially if it's a big application, this would mostly result in 'unmaintainable spaghetti code'.
What I meant by beginners: "People learning to code", not "Beginners doing a production code without any help from more experienced programmers" ;)