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Here is an article on Covid vaccines, and the second link is from its references, and explains lipid nanoparticles used in these vaccines. Both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines use lipid nanoparticles and are very similar in their designs.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583697/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624045/

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edit: Here is more specific information on lipid nanoparticles in RNA vaccines, which explains that RNA vaccines that involve lipid nanoparticles tend to cause a local inflammatory effect, i.e. shoulder soreness.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963972/#sec3-v...