UrsaMedius
This is from the abstract, but as far as I could find, this is never mentioned in the actual text of the paper? Certainly there's no reference to "oxygen", "morphine", or "administer" on the linked web page. So I guessed this had something to do with "end-of-life care", which is discussed in Supplement 6. But I could not find any explicit reference to morphine or oxygen there or in the sources of the supplement, either.
Maybe it's in (Habib, 2020), but the link is broken.
What might/probably matter(s) is the degree of urbanisation.
I agree that this can be a difficult balance to strike. But I think it's also important to keep the door open for children who mature a bit later. Stamping someone as "not gifted" by excluding them from a "gifted" group sure seems like it would cause problems, especially for younger children. Of course it's a difficult practical problem to solve; to give every child challenges on their current level.
Also, while there are surely variations in intelligence that are "from birth", I do not know how that compares to all the variations caused by different educational privileges; having parents that have a lot of time to read for/with the child etc. It sort of comes down to "equality vs. equity" I suppose - and that is not a simple question.
Also Dhall, a configuration language, generates hashes for semantics so if you refactor something you can check that the hash is unchanged to know that the function is unchanged. https://dhall-lang.org/
For example, Sweden had school breaks around the time of the large outbreaks in northern Italy and Austria, leading to many ski vacations to those areas. Did the other Nordics?
To be clear, I don't proclaim this little example to be an explanation for why Sweden had more cases, only to shine some light on how complicated things can be. It is not clear that Sweden's response "failed" and it certainly isn't "pretty obvious".
I also think that the EU cooperation failed by closing borders and keeping them closed. That, however, comes as less of a surprise to me.
The travel restrictions that countries had enacted are, at least now, unnecessary and are a serious harm to the global community and trust between peoples. At least in Sweden the cases coming from travelers have been insignificant since well before the peak of the first wave. It is now clear that the Danish, Norwegian, and Finnish governments do not care much about the stability of the Nordic cooperation and anyone might hesitate when choosing a job across the border.
"Our results are potentially contradictory. On the one hand, we have shown that the best studies which used variations in education between countries and regions – here we consider recent studies to be more reliable – indicate that there are no strong external effects from education. On the other hand, we have pointed out that there is strong evidence that education leads to improved health and life expectancy, politically more active citizens, lower crime and possibly that the children of educated persons become more productive. One explanation for these seemingly contradictory results may be that the favourable effects of education are not sufficiently strong to have an impact on economic development. It is also possible that the traditional measure of GDP is too narrow (and perhaps insufficiently stable) to capture the favourable effects."