Another reason for quite a while was binary hosting, which github originally supported, then discontinued, but finally added again in July 2013. Additionally, the ability to use any open source license or combinations of licenses, as Google Code supported binary downloads during the time github didn't but only permitted one license per project and only from a subset of open source licenses (originally a small subset, later expanded). Google Code, of course, is sunsetting now. And github now supports multiple licenses as well as binary releases.
That said, with projects and people leaving SF, and their UI leaving a lot to be desired, there are so many more options I'd first use for project discovery.
(But yes, right now, if you're on Git, GitHub will give you binary downloads and all licenses.)
[1] See the top story on http://www.gimp.org/
That said, looking at the top story, I guess they consciously chose not to do that and then things went sour.
Here are some possibilities I can think of, but I'm curious if they're correct:
- Mailing list hosting
- Non-git repository hosting, for projects that prefer CVS or SVN
- Shell account (though it doesn't seem very useful)
- Features GitHub has but few others do (binary hosting, website hosting, etc.) and the project wants to avoid GitHub
Are there others?