If nothing else, your anonymous prediction pleased the author :-). Thank you!
Dependent type literature will answer both of your questions relatively quickly. Also look at "proof search" in that context.
Re:Against the definition of types
by andrewchambers on Thursday May 14, 2015 @07:33PM
(#9548166)
I personally think a truce is coming with python3 static typing. As long as type systems have an 'any' type which is the default, then dynamic languages and do everything.
I know anonymous predictions from nobodies on the internet are completely uninteresting, but I can totally envision this as one of the essays that gets linked hundreds of times over the next decade or two on the front page of HN with a (2015) in the title.