Which can be done by running 'clang' from a terminal. And if you want the full Xcode, install from the App Store with just an Apple ID needed, again for free.

That's the easiest way, but not the only way. Likewise, on Ubuntu you also often need build-essentials and various other dev libs manually installed.

Do we really want to compare "sudo apt-get install build-essentials" with installing all VS, Perl,Python etc... in Windows ? :)

Well, in some ways it's worse.

I'm not too familiar with linux, but a year or two ago, I was trying to set up a rails development environment on a Ubuntu VM. I had quite a few challenges along the way, but one of them that I recall that confounded me for an hour or so was that I needed to install build-essentials, which was not documented in the guide I was using, nor was it marked as a dependency in whatever package I was actually trying to install.

When you install Visual Studio, generally it automatically installs anything you're missing, or at least tells you how to do it.