People should probably not kid themselves about geopolitics and military competition vanishing if we somehow manage to regulate "electronic warfare".
The chances of a full-blown Iranian nuclear weapons program not eventually bearing an attack by explosive munitions are pretty close to zero; see Osirak. If malware that only really impacts centrifuges forestalls that for a couple years, I see it as a good thing.
[1] https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2013/12/more_about_th...
I'd actually like to see the outcome of that. By all means, please go ahead and do this -- in Brussels.
I know that you didn't mean for your comment to be taken literally but there is literally zero chance of enemy airplanes invading US skies and dropping munitions from great heights onto buildings with people in them. It is a silly thing to say and it does nothing to justify the current situation vis a vis the NSA et al. Try not to hyperventilate.
It's an ugly situation, since Iran's geopolitical strategy involves gaining concessions through a game of chicken with the US counter-proliferation regime. At some point, unless it's resolved in a way that ends the Iranian nuclear arms program, it is going to end in explosions, and scores of lost lives.
This is a descriptive observation, not a normative one.
It is also true that if Iran somehow arranged for explosions at US nuclear facilities, the USG's response would be world- historically horrific. Any reasonable observer knows this to be a fact, so we can acknowledge it without getting into philosophy and move on.
That's usually the point of this sort of work, yes. Espionage isn't just about acquiring information, it's about spreading false information, and dragging your enemies through the mud.
I don't approve of this shit, but "the them" have been up to it since forever, and the answers to your queries are a straightforward: "None", "No", "Yes" - unless someone else's intelligence agency outwits them, and has a media mouthpiece that can't be drowned out by chaff.
Edit: Your post got me thinking about Chernobyl and Reagan. The CIA had a programme to export defective technology to the USSR - which (apparently) culminated in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_pipeline_sabotage
One has to wonder. Yes, I'm aware that the questions as to how Chernobyl are well answered, and all the rest, case closed, etc. - but one still has to wonder. Nothing should be trusted 100%.
What repercussion should the US have received if the Iranian uranium enrichment had exploded and thrown fine radioactive dust into the environment? Would NSA take responsibility for the deaths and environment damage for their spying, or would they hide and put the blame on a third-party?
The answer to your question is that the potential for damage that malware has, and the responsibility we expect from those who make it is extremely disproportional. It is a big deal, and the risk/cost to human lives is why we should be very careful allowing organizations to spread malware.