> how do you think phased-array and beam forming work if not by controlling phase delays between antennas so as to create constructive and destructive interference at a desired point, or points, in space?

I consider DIDO separate from a phased array in that each transmitter has its own separately transmitted signal to do the interfering, instead of one phase-shifted copy of the signal.

Artemis/pCell is definitely not a phased array in that sense.