At the grand old age of 9 or so I walked all over Amsterdam and my mom being a 'working single mom' from when I was 6 taught my sister (aged 4) and me to hold hands during the road crossings and to walk to the traffic light, cross, the walk back the other way to get to school (about 1.5 km away from where we lived). Nobody ever batted an eye and definitely were not the kids living furthest from school and not the only ones walking unsupervised.

I'm pretty happy I didn't grow up in a nanny state where I'd have been more or less confined to the house or where my mom would have had to give up her job just so we could be sheparded to school and back twice per day.

This was all around 1971, I'm not sure how many parents let their children that age walk alone to school in Amsterdam today. Traffic is much heavier than it was back then (more cars, comparatively fewer bicycles) and definitely more aggressive. Still, people respect the traffic lights (especially cars, bicycles less so) and I'm pretty sure that that route could be walked safely by a 6 and a 4 year old with proper instruction and a parent that has confidence in their abilities.

Whatever would happen I doubt that that parent would be investigated for neglect. In Canada (or so I was told) leaving your 10 year old unattended in the house could lead to trouble with child protection services.