If you represent a whole industry, like AEDE here, you can even roll out your own news aggregator. Since member outlets can shut Google out, it would be relatively easy to make this new site a popular, maybe even default, destination for news consumers. Then share profits however you believe is fair.
Google is in a symbiotic relationship with news agencies here. They may not like it, but Google is not ripping anyone off operating a news aggregator, and their willingness to just up and leave proves it. Spanish media just wanted a piece of the Google pie and now it is biting them in their own ass and now they are trying to use the state to force Google to give them money. Its like they want their mafia dues for owning the state enough to pass bullshit like the original law.
I'm not as worried about this in news snippets (as it gives people something to read to decide to click which benefits the news content creators), but what about in situations where that's not the case?
There's a lot of searches that straight up scrape wikipedia and show the first paragraph as the result from google - thereby disincentivizing people to click on that result (and hurting the content creator).
Google's been creeping into the 'content" space over the past few years, both serving as a portal & serving up direct answers. I'm curious to if it will come back to haunt them in the future (or what content creators can do in response to this).