To be clear this applies to data frames, not the language as a whole. If you are creating a data frame by reading in data then `read.table(...whatever..., as.is = TRUE)` will read in character columns as character strings and not as factors. `data.frame()` has a `stringsAsFactors` argument which can be set to `FALSE` and one can change the global default with: `options(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)` .