I was taught OOP using Modula-2 in 1989, by defining structures and functions that took a pointer to the struct as first parameter. No inheritance goodies! I used that style in C until 1996 when I definitely moved to C++. Probably why I am not terribly dismissive of OOP but very much of things like inheritance trees, the Java OOP style, and the overuse of GoF in architecture, literature and especially programming discussions.

How would you design something like :

Person --> Full Time Employee --> Manager

Person --> Contract Employee

Without inheritance assuming that salary calculation is the only thing which differentiates them.

Something like...

   Person HAS A IEmploymentRelationship
   ContractEmployment IMPLEMENTS IEmploymentRelationship
   FullTimeEmployment IMPLEMENTS IEmploymentRelationship
   FullTimeEmployment HAS A IDirectReport
   Manager HAS A Person
   Manager IMPLEMENTS IDirectReport

And then salary() is a polymorphic function declared by the IEmploymentRelationship interface, where FullTimeEmployment instances use the manager somehow, and ContractEmployment doesn't.

You can even put some sugar on that by having a salary() function on Person that calls the salary() function on its IEmploymentRelationship—but I wouldn't, for the same reason I wouldn't denormalize a relational database.

Got it. Thank you.

In Ada, I remember reading that you can limit the inheritance depth.