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Re:Upgrading GitHub to Rails 3 with Zero Downtime by pothibo on Monday September 15, 2014 @08:09PM (#8322342)
Rails 4 support ruby > 1.9.3 whereas rails 3 supports 1.8.x. I believe this could be the main reason why they didn't move to Rails 4.

Ruby 1.8.x -> Ruby 1.9.x requires quite some work by itself.

Re:Upgrading GitHub to Rails 3 with Zero Downtime by thedaniel on Monday September 15, 2014 @08:56PM (#8322491)
We moved to Ruby 1.9+ quite a while ago with our patched-up Rails 2.3.
Re:Upgrading GitHub to Rails 3 with Zero Downtime by alttab on Monday September 15, 2014 @08:29PM (#8322403)
Mainly due to string encoding. For something like Github, mistakes there could be disastrous. With all of the special characters and user input there are bound to be wild edge cases.