It will take a generation or two for research like this to have any impact on practical diagnosis or treatment. The medical establishment is extremely conservative.

Consider the case of H. pylori and ulcers. This 2006 page from the CDC says, "Recently scientists have found that most ulcers are caused by an infection". (http://www.cdc.gov/ulcer/consumer.htm)

What is "recent" in medical research? Over two decades: http://www.cdc.gov/ulcer/history.htm

That is, the "recent" discovery of H. pyloi as the primary cause of ulcers was made in 1982, and general adoption of antibiotic treatment was still a work in progress in the late '90's and early 2000's.

On this basis, the current results--which will be difficult and expensive to replicate because the study is uniquely large and well-designed--will have at best a generational impact. Again, this is not entirely a bad thing: medical conservatism keeps doctors from doing a lot of harm, however frustrating it might be for those of us in the innovation business.