Then I read this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2034422/tutorial-resource...
and this: http://courses.cms.caltech.edu/cs11/material/c/mike/lab8/lab...
and took a look at the MSP430's instruction set.
As far as where they can be used... anywhere? I don't know the answer to your question - sorry :)
I wonder in a general sense if there are many VMs that explicitly copy good older CPUs. I've always thought the 6809 would make an awesome VM. After all, it was pretty awesome to code on in the real world. Or a VM based on the classic 1802, 6502, or Z80 with some minor mods.
If you really want to warp peoples minds give them a VM based on IBM HAL assembler, basically turn Hercules and VM into a hypervisor rather than an application.
A PDP-11 inspired/based virtual machine. Hmm.
But if you want performance you'd rather tailor your instruction set to the language it will execute (assuming you're not making a general purpose VM). CPU makers like Intel do actually keep a close look on what programs are doing in order to evolve their instruction set.
Start here: