These are the bread-and-butter of a huge amount of industrial process controls. Tuning them can be a bitch though.

And unforunately, with the proliferation of cheap prototyping platforms and sensors, there are an abundance of projects and kickstarters out there aiming to be home automation / garden automation / mushroom farm systems / etc that try to implement process control without even knowing the existence of PID algorithms and they just do dumb behavior: temperature too low -> turn on heater. temperature too high -> turn off heater, etc.