These, instead, generally count as livery services. If you are calling a specific business to be picked up, you know who you're dealing with ahead of times, and can check their rates, choose based on their reputation, etc.
At least in Boston, Uber drivers are regulated, but as livery not as taxis, as you "call" them rather than hailing them directly on the street.
I wasn't generally interested in attacking or defending regulation as such, but the most compelling thing I've heard in favor of regulation is that livery services don't have the same legal obligation as taxi companies to offer vehicles which can serve handicapped people.
Others are simply opposed to all industry-specific regulations, and a few are opposed to the concept of the State as a whole ;)
And yes, as far as I've read, many are opposed to caps on all taxis, not just on Uber/Lyft.
Naturally, a different system might work better or worse. A worse outcome would be more people taking their own cars into the city because they need or want quick access to a vehicle.
Regulating the number of cabs probably helps deal with traffic congestion, and also makes it potentially possible for drivers to earn a living wage. However, I can see where on-call cars are a different situation because they would serve a different purpose.
But does it really? A study[1] from 2000 shows that the availability is not that great in NYC. Any why should it be, if the regulations cap their number?
Regulating the number of cabs probably helps deal with traffic congestion, and also makes it potentially possible for drivers to earn a living wage.
Why, if most drivers can't afford the medallions and end up having to work for the few that can? In fact, the same study shows that as industry revenue grows, the wages don't follow.
Frankly, this is typical of regulations as they're implemented in the US and other countries (including mine). It's the Bootleggers and Baptists all around, which mostly end up feeding the capitalists at the expense of lower classes.
[1] http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/17/nyregion/riders-know-study...
Do you actually believe that? Because I don't see how it could possibly be true. Uber does a better job of providing cars when and where they're needed than any other cab company I've ever seen. Not only to they make it easy for drivers to work part time to accommodate higher demand during peak hours they also provide service to areas of cites where taxi drivers flat out refuse to go despite their supposed regulated status to provide service to all parts of the city. I've talked to people who use Uber in Baltimore about it for example and before Uber they would routinely be stranded in bad parts of town or off the beaten path areas and the taxi dispatcher would literally laugh at them if they called for a pickup.