Iraq (with a Canadian scientist) almost made an artillery piece capable of putting material into orbit. Obviously, international sanctions gummed up the project a tad and it was basically over when the scientist was assassinated. Still, it was within the realm of possibility. Only recently have rail-guns started to usurp chemically propelled artillery in some roles, so it's not out of the question that rail-guns could put material into orbit. Even if the associated forces are too extreme for most equipment to survive, it could provide a way of getting raw materials into orbit at the very least.

I think that it poses an interesting engineering problem, not unlike the space elevator. If given enough velocity, a projectile with retractable wings could be launched into an atmospheric gradient and generate lift after leaving the accelerator.

Whether or not we have materials used on the craft could survive the acceleration to escape velocity is the big question. It would take some serious testing.