Go doesn't offer a clear simple way to do this in their builtin template library. But it turns out, it really is possible to do it, as described in this thread on Stack Exchange[2]. I bookmarked that so that I can boil it down into some simple-to-reuse code if I ever bite the bullet and start using Go for the presentation layer on a major website. What they're doing there is a cool technique, but it's not simple to use out of the box.
1. https://sites.google.com/site/usfcomputerscience/django-temp...
2. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11467731/is-it-possible-t...
I understand the point you're making - I just want to point out that Haml is explicitly designed for HTML, whereas html/template more or less "just happens" to be useful for HTML.
As for ERB, I'm not convinced that it is too different in this regard. I'm not much of a Rubyist, and I find it incredibly frustrating to use, but perhaps that's a matter of personal preference.
{text,html}/template have their warts - I literally started Jetpack because of an unusual html/template quirk I ran into that was tricky to debug. However, I don't think it's any worse than other template language in this regard (my main points of reference are Jinja2, ERB, Haml, and Scribble).
I don't want to get into a debate about what "inheritance" means, but html/template does support template composition and nested templates, which seem to address the same use case.
> These two problems have made it so I've pretty much given up web apps in Go for now. Services in Go are _amazing_. But if you're trying to get a full blown web app (again, not the point of the linked article above), then you're gonna have a bad time.
I'm sorry to hear that, especially since writing a "full-blown web app" is really not difficult in Go at all, once you know what you're doing.
I've actually been working on Jetpack[0], a sample web application in Go to demonstrate how straightforward this is, once one understands how it actually works. (Disclaimer: it's still a work in progress, so it's not complete/ready yet).
[0] https://github.com/ChimeraCoder/go-angular-jetpack