According to the article, that's just part of it. They specifically pointed out cases where identical resumes with different names yielded different outcomes. (Where the names had strong associations with different ethnic backgrounds.) Now, statistically, different ethnic backgrounds will have an effect on people's lives, but for an individual, the parent's question might still be relevant.

Further to this, it would be important to include the names of siblings and parents along with their career paths. Someone who names their kid 'Orangejello' (pronounced: or-onj-ello) may not teach their kids the same things as someone who names their kid 'Tom'.

Even still, might it be worth it to change ones name if it makes a measurable improvement in the odds?

My real name is Richard Monroe Niksonn, which rules out a career in politics.

Right that's what I mean. Your odds go up in those situations by changing your name.