1. Battery leakage. You can't charge a battery and leave it somewhere disconnected and expect to come back to a full charge. Small amounts of power leak all the time. Look for "self discharge". There are lines of batteries (particularly Sanyo Enelopp) that are marketed as low self discharge i.e. they can be stored charged and will still be usable in time. There is still a high resistance when something is connected which is enough to help with self discharge.
2. Most phones have a non mechanical on/off switch so a tiny bit of current is still used to have soft on/off functionality and watchdog circuitry online.
My old Nokia dumpphone has a battery life of more then 2 weeks. But the Motorola Defy+ will eat a full battery even after shutdown within a week. So it does not even make sense as a water proof camera for sailing.
In result: The Defy+ is eating more battery when powered down, then my old Nokia when powered up. Imho, thats enough power to say "here I am" regularly.
Yet if I power off the same device, take the battery out and leave it for the same amount of time, then put it back and power it on, its a full battery...
On the same note, my iPhone 4, 15" Mac Book Pro w/ Retina, and Lumia 925, all when turned off completely, eventually the batteries die...
Just slower than if they were turned on...