I don't think it's illegal, not even really front-running. That'd be them turning a price profit on filling your order, not just using it to avoid a potential loss.

Also, you're right, at a minimum, via a subsidiary it's possible for the brokerage to "fill" your order without it ever reaching the exchanges, I think as long as it's inside the national bid-ask price spread at that moment. They pitch this as a feature - it also lets them avoid exchange fees. Then they can manage their overall risk separately.

Yes, I stopped trying to make those trades years ago. At one time though it was a remarkably consistent way to succeed on a small scale.