> everywhere I read tells me that Arduino is not power efficient at all, and people have to get creative to conserve power.

Not sure what you mean here, a microcontroller platform like Arduino can be extremely low power. The AVR chip itself uses a few mW running at full speed, and less in sleep mode (less than an LED). What uses most power is other devices in your circuit, you need to be careful with them and shut them off when not needed.