java.util.HashMap is not thread-safe, so using it in the context of multiple threads reading from it is less than ideal.

The great thing about Scala's immutable HashMap is that in terms of concurrency it is worry-free. You couple it with an AtomicReference and presto, you've got a non-blocking, concurrent HashMap.

I work on a really high-volume web service that's built on top of Scala. The performance of Scala's immutable collections has been the least of my worries.