We already had large societies that worked in a similar way during feudalism, but economies still relied on human labor. Today, there are countries where the majority of wealth is not reliant on citizens producing/consuming anything: Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE primarily sell resources to other states.

No one knows exactly what happens if you scale that up to the entire planet, but my view: the owners will be the ones who trade because of the resources available on their territory - or technology they own. You get a few powerful rentier states, where citizens get stuff for free so they don't revolt. Everyone outside of those states becomes part of a stagnant periphery.