Working at other places. There used to be a thing called competition - where you'd pay more to attract people to leave elsewhere. Now companies stifle this and collaborate to artificially to keep wages down.

Instead they just throw their hands up and call it quits, hiring elsewhere instead.

This doesn't mean more domestic workers get jobs though. Existing workers get paid slightly more, but also more work gets sent to overseas offices.

(This is not outsourcing. The foreign workers are still on the company's payroll, just in an office where they don't need a visa to work).