Remembering my graduate physics days im astounded that i was able to understand it, and am unable to really follow it now, as that higher math has gotten preeeety rusty.
Feynman diagrams are the attempt to loop back around and represent this field without all the math, but my experience was you have to have done the math first otherwise they are just so much arcane heiroglyphs. the wikipedia illustrates this well, where you can see a relatively clear diagram and corresponding equation, but i recall whole pages of a notebook to get one _line_ of an equation down. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics#Feynma...
I say all of this not to suggest a clear explanation is impossible, but it sure wouldn't be easy. Love to see it though.
First you learn the physical equations, mostly applied to sound interestingly. Then at some point you learn about transmission line theory and maximum power transfer theory. Lastly, you get introduced to Maxwells equations, and how they produce the phenomena you’ve been learning about for years.
Unfortunately that is where my learning stopped, and I never got an answer to how quantum theory resolves with Maxwells equations, and how it interacts with standard model and special/general relativity.
Honestly I’d love an explanation of the standard model that wasn’t covered with mystery and math. It makes the idea of understanding particle physics impossible.