I stand corrected. I tried for a fourth time, and apparently, after chmodding you need to wait for a minute or two. After that if you open the camera app, there is a black screen, exactly as you described.
EDIT - I still don't understand. The camera seems to be completely controlled by black magic. I have not recorded, but opening/closing the camera, then changing the permissions seems to allow you to continue using the camera app even with (0600).
The proper solution is to obviously limit the DMA to regions of memory only needed by the camera. From my albeit cursory glance of the issue, it seems like you can pretty much write to any region of memory.
I have to imagine an exploit of that gaping a security hole is not very far away given the huge install base of samsung exynos devices.