The book I recommend for this is "From One to Zero". http://www.amazon.com/From-One-Zero-Georges-Ifrah/dp/0670373.... The reviews on Amazon do not make me reconsider that. "From One to Zero" comes over as both having more content per page and more pages.
Charles Seife's "Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea" (http://www.amazon.com/Zero-Biography-Dangerous-Idea-ebook/dp...)
Robert Kaplan's "The Nothing That Is: A Natural History of Zero" (http://www.amazon.com/Nothing-that-Natural-History-ebook/dp/...)