a big one: hanja (kr) kanji (jp) both are 漢字
For example, "library" is pronounced "tu-shu-guan" in Chinese, "do-seo-gwan" in Korean, and "to-sho-kan" in Japanese. All three can be written with the same characters, "圖書館". In modern Korea, though, people use Hangul, so very few Koreans actually know how to write "library" in Chinese characters. In Japan, Chinese characters are still heavily used, but for difficult ones, they often write kana alongside them as a reading aid.
It's very much like how Latin "universitas" became "university" in English, "universidad" in Spanish, and "università" in Italian.
These aren't an indication of a shared vocabulary or ancestry, just loanwords for concepts that were novel and scientific by victorian standards.
Rather than just translating keywords, it lets you write code that actually uses Korean grammar. For example, "10을 5로 나누고 출력하다" (literally "10 by 5 divide and print") outputs "2".
You might already know this, but there's also a Korean programming language called 'Yaksok'. Here's a 2048 written entirely in Korean: https://github.com/yaksok/yaksok/blob/master/code_examples/2...