If their clocks are actually synchronized and can show that in court then unless you've got a warp drive and can bend space time it can be pretty definitive that one was speeding between those two points. Especially if you're on something like a toll road which utilizes transponders for billing. I'm almost surprised this isn't already done in those situations.

You don't even need AI for this. Its pretty basic.

It is similar to how air enforced speed limits are done. They just paint two lines on the highway. A plane overhead times your car between the lines.