Did you have problems with tiredness and concentrating? Especially after only getting very little sleep for an extended time? Or did you already consume a lot of meat? There are many factors here that could potentially make it not worth your while. As with all supplements, a good diet and lots of rest can make them little more than expensive pee. But not everyone can have a perfect diet and lots of sleep all the time. Creatine is a supplement for a very particular lifestyle.

Yep, I bet you're exactly right.

> Did you have problems with tiredness and concentrating?

Yes. Still do.

> Especially after only getting very little sleep for an extended time?

No

> Or did you already consume a lot of meat?

Yes. I mean, I probably eat less meat than the average American, but certainly plenty. Beef, too (high in creatine).

> As with all supplements, a good diet and lots of rest can make them little more than expensive pee.

Yep, this probably describes me. It's still pretty cheap, so I still do it (especially since my kids take creatine as well).

>> Especially after only getting very little sleep for an extended time?

>No

Then I'm not really surprised. I also see no real cognitive effects when everything is well anyways. But this one study is what I found to be the most accurate finding overall beyond enhancing muscle power:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10902318/

It's also super easy to test yourself.