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Re:Lua vs Ruby benchmarks (similarly "high-level" languages,... by silentbicycle on Saturday January 31, 2009 @09:27AM (#459578)
The first place to look is probably "The Implementation of Lua 5.0" (http://www.tecgraf.puc-rio.br/~lhf/ftp/doc/sblp2005.pdf).

Short paper, but very interesting.

The LPEG paper (http://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/docs/peg.pdf) is great, too.

Re:Lua vs Ruby benchmarks (similarly "high-level" languages,... by LogicHoleFlaw on Saturday January 31, 2009 @12:31PM (#459798)
The "History of Lua" paper written a few years ago for a presentation at HOPL is also great reading and gives good insight into why Lua is the way it is.

http://www.tecgraf.puc-rio.br/~lhf/ftp/doc/hopl.pdf