As someone who trained in chemical engineering in the 2000's, we never really discussed the fact that reactor waste streams were pollution, just another effluent to put somewhere. I'm pointing this out since I don't think that the relative performance profiles of petrochemical plants is going to be common knowledge.
> Specifically, I'm referencing the untenable and ever growing sprawl of ad-hoc legislation that is driving the last two refinery's (Chevron) out of California, as well as the bans on any use of certain chemicals like natural gas.
There are more than two remaining refineries in California. According to this there are 15 active in the state (with some certainly slated to close). https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/califo...
I don't disagree that the regulation in California is burdensome, but these refineries seem to have a really poor track record. I live in the bay area and it's a repeating story about excessive flaring or a gas leak from the east bay refineries and that communities should shelter in place. There was even a big fire at Chevron El Segundo this month that took several of their units offline. In the last 5 years that facility has had 46 air quality violations, and in the last 10 years 17 OSHA violations. https://calmatters.org/environment/2025/10/refinery-explosio...
Then let's not forget the Aliso Canyon gas leak in LA in 2015.
> It was widely reported to have been the worst single natural gas leak in U.S. history in terms of its environmental impact. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliso_Canyon_gas_leak
I don't see a reason why we should linger on petrochemical technology if we don't have to. This isn't stuff you want in your backyard.
The problem is we do have to because we don't have viable alternatives. They shut down the San Onofre nuclear plant, for fairly legitimate reasons touching on substandard materials and/or corporate corruption when excessive wear was noted contradicting maintenance logs, and obviously no one should compromise with something like Nuclear energy.
That leaves renewables. Sure renewables would be the way to go if the hype met reality, but they don't account for generation of sufficient energy to meet demand at cost let alone enough to offset our use of petroleum at current demand, not even touching on future demand by population growth.
You know how much diesel you have to burn to mix up the concrete, aluminum, or steel and haul it out to the places where you could take advantage of those renewables. Wind farms for example won't produce clean energy. The pollution costs don't recoup beyond the upfront costs and maintenance costs to create them running them over their 20 year lifespan. Nothing clean about this, just alternative energy.
Petroleum is in everything, from the oil, and other things you need to do to winterize those generators; to tires, pretty much anything plastic, any kind of clothing that's not made with plant fibers, the list goes on and on.
The sad fact is we have a 120 year old petroleum infrastructure, and even if we wanted to go entirely electric today we don't have the transmission capability to deliver the energy to where its needed. It would take 30 years to build the infrastructure if we started today.
The kicker is we're going to run out of petroleum before we can find a replacement for it. The pollution isn't what's going to kill us, what will kill us is not finding an alternative before we run out. No one to blame but the demand that couples our survival with using it.
Long-term storage of energy is a big issue along with generation.
Between Tariffs, industry fraud, lack of cost viability, the loss of credibility from when the state abandoned their solar tax credit incentives prematurely, well before the 10 year period which was initially stated (after people made the investment), coupled with the increase degraded benefits related to NEM 3.0 that basically means you give your energy free, and are triple charged for Time of Use and Reduce your Use days which get stacked, there is no net benefit to anyone going solar, and even when they do the pollution costs are just shuffled around upfront.
Obviously this isn't stuff you want in your backyard, but there is no other alternative when people are everywhere, and if we're being real everyone's survival starting from the food production industry up through to the end stop at your grocery store depends upon this to overcome Malthus/Catton.
I personally prefer to be able to have food on my table, and continue doing that so my children can eat. Thinking we don't have to rely on petrochemical technology simply isn't based in reality. The moment you full stop production, nearly everything collapses from inter-dependent shortage; and the basic research towards alternatives isn't being funded anymore.
Any potential engineer watches this as part of their assignments in Intro to Engineering. Lecture 12 iirc.
They referenced a study showing Natural gas power plants emit 0.2% Sulfur Dioxide, 7% NOx, 60% of CO2 compared to coal power plants, and the study only compared single cycle plants, where most are combined cycle that further lower pollution per kWH metrics.
The CO2 in most combined cycle plants is captured as a valuable feedstock for other industrial uses, or sale.
> I'm not sure what California Air Emission Regulatory is.
Its a generalization for the state of Regulatory in California with regards to air standards.
Specifically, I'm referencing the untenable and ever growing sprawl of ad-hoc legislation that is driving the last two refinery's (Chevron) out of California, as well as the bans on any use of certain chemicals like natural gas.
Last I checked there were at least 6-10 partially overlapping AB/SBs that have been passed and are awaiting implementation deadlines. The cost to do anything as a direct result of runaway regulatory is part of why California is having so many problems. The legislature's actions show they don't want people to be able to do business for certain things within California.