The fact that X is more effective than Y is not an argument against Y if X and Y are not mutually exclusive.

Sure, I get your point. It all comes down to the pros and cons of each on the rest of the economic system. The goal isn’t to get industry onshore at the expense of the economy. If you have a better tool, use that instead

the real problem is that sudden tariff changes are one of the worst tools imaginable. building large scale factories requires spending billions that will only pay off over decades. if the tariff changes every month that's one of the worst things you can do to build confidence in long term bets.

The problem with incentives is that they need to be ongoing. It doesn’t matter how cheap it is to build a factory in the US if foreign competition can still bring comparable products to market for cheaper. Because then you won’t sell anything, so your ROI is zero.