To help understand why a complex query with many joins comes back empty, I like to provide helper debug functions that builds the query step by step. Each block checks one prerequisite and tells the user what’s missing:

```sql FUNCTION debug_user(user_id):

  IF NOT (SELECT FROM user WHERE user.user_id = user_id) THEN
    -- user doesn’t exist
  END IF;

  IF NOT (SELECT FROM user
           JOIN user_addr ON user_addr.user_id = user.user_id
           WHERE user.user_id = user_id) THEN
    -- user has no address
  END IF;

  -- keep adding joins until you find the break

```

because when you have a query that involves 6 relations, and you don't get results, it is nice to know why.