First, the US pays more in a lot of markets. By and large, that's because we can.
Second, capitalism isn't applied. That sounds like it's some sort of regulatory tool that just isn't being used correctly. Capitalism is the absence of government force in an economic market with the notable exception of enforcing private property rights. You can say a lot about the US healthcare situation, but "applied capitalism" it is not.
I lived in Canada for 10 years. I live in the US now. While living in Canada, I paid more to the government then I pay now. My health care costs for myself and my family are much cheaper. In fact, ignoring the costs of insurance (which was effectively the same) and taxes (which were 3 times higher in Canada, and on everything), my costs for equal service I receive now would have been more than $36,000 more in Canada. That's partly a lie though. The services would not have been equal, as we can get home care here, whereas in Canada, we could not.
This also ignores the 1-2 year waiting list for private care we would have had to deal with in Canada. In the US, we had treatment started within 2 weeks of moving here.