> Germany is infamously almost cash-only.

Let's not exaggerate. While I am often enough exasperated at how often certain restaurants or bars will still only accept cash (or sometimes EC card), I'm still able to do about 90% of my transactions by card.

In the US, cash-only businesses usually attract auditors from the IRS (or did, until they gutted the agency).

Interesting! As a tourist, almost all my transactions had to be cash: but ofc a tourist and a resident don't have the same spending patterns (mostly bars and restaurant for me)

Supermarkets and most stores where you'd buy everyday stuff (clothes, electronics, books, ...), especially if they're chains, will take card. It's really mostly independently owned kiosks, bars and restaurants that are holdouts, and even there the card acceptance rate is increasing.

> Germany is infamously almost cash-only.

COVID caused a major boost in shops adding card payments. Most shops now accept them even for small payments.

There are places which don't take cards, many of them also don't print receipts without asking, which might indicate than an tax audit might give interesting results ...

Some shops try to go towards "card only"

In Hungary by law every seller that has a cash register also has to accept cards. So I guess you were here some years ago.