I'm not sure of the exact reasons but you don't really see vapor-compression heat pumps in the tens- to low-hundreds-of-watts range. So I suspect there are some scaling factors where the reduced size/noise/complexity of a solid-state device starts to be more important than the extra energy that it uses.

I think most of the commercial bed cooling systems are thermoelectric (ChiliPad, Eight Sleep) and they seem to work fine, but by the time you get to the scale of a small fridge or dehumidifiers the products are generally awful.