There are companies that do prior art searches (usually, but not always associated with existing legal practices, I believe).
As for the patent office being more productive... At least on the subject of prior art, they don't want to be. After all, they're paid by the patent.
Sure a human will vastly outperform the state of the art algorithm on any one patent but when talking about thousands of applications week in week out and increasing, some kind of automation to filter the cruft would be useful. Surely as bad as things are now, the worst that could happen is no effect? Would certainly be a better application of machine learning than classifying the mood of movie ratings or calculating social media "klout".