The pandas mypy stubs attempt to address this to some extent, but to be honest.. It's really painful. Not helped by pandas' hodgepodge API design to be fair, but i think even a perfect API would still be annoying to statically type. Imagine needing to annotate every function that takes a data frame with 20 columns...

A tantalising idea i have not explored, is to try and hook up polars' lazy query planner to a static typing plugin. The planner already has basically complete knowledge of the schema at every point, right?

So in theory this could be used to give the really good inference abilities that a static typing system needs to be nice to use.